Thymosin Alpha-1
Other names:Ta1 thymalfasin
Thymosin Alpha-1 is an immune function regulating peptide containing 28 amino acid residues produced by the thymus. It was first described and characterized in calf thymus by Goldstein et al. in 1977. Several studies have shown that it can enhance cell-mediated immunity in humans and animals.
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Properties
Sequence: | Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH |
Molecular Formula: | C129H215N33O55 |
Molecular Weight: | 3108.3 g/mol |
PubChem CID: | 16130571 |
CAS Number: | 62304-98-7 |
Synonyms: | Thymalfasin Zadaxin Thymosin alpha1 |
Description
What Is Thymosin Alpha 1?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring peptide fragment that was discovered in 1972. Since then, it has been extensively studied in clinical trials for various conditions including cystic fibrosis, infections such as tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus, respiratory disorders, chronic hepatitis, and cancer. Currently, it is approved for use in combating chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 35 under-developed nations.[1]
Thymosin Alpha-1 Structure
Authoritative source：Pubchem
What is Thymosin Alpha-1 peptide?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone produced by the thymus gland, a key organ of the immune system. This hormone plays a key role in coordinating the immune response by regulating the maturation and activity of T cells, which are an important part of the immune defense mechanism.
The thymus is responsible for shaping T cells to recognize specific threats, such as bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Thymosin Alpha-1 is one of the molecules released by the thymus that directs this process. It ensures that T cells are well equipped to recognize and fight off invaders, boosting the body’s ability to effectively fight infections.[2]
Furthermore, Thymosin Alpha-1 shows promise in medical applications. It has been studied for its potential to enhance immune responses to chronic viral diseases and promote innate immunity. By fine-tuning the immune response and promoting the development of immune cells, Thymosin Alpha-1 helps maintain overall health and prevent disease.[13][14]
Essentially, Thymosin Alpha-1 is a key regulator of the immune system’s efforts, instructing T cells to become effective defenders.
How Does Thymosin Alpha-1 peptide Improve Immunity?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is an immunomodulatory peptide that stimulates T cells to home in and destroy viruses, bacteria, and even tumor cells. There are two types of T cells: “killer” cells and “helper cells.” Killer cells continue to perform the task of locating and destroying cells that have become cancerous or infected with bacteria or viruses. Thymosin Alpha-1 enhances this process by affecting thymocytes and lymphocytes within T cells, helping to increase the activation and release of “killer” T cells. The immune system naturally improves when Thymosin Alpha-1 stimulates T cells to respond to the body.[3][4]
How does Thymosin Alpha-1 work?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is an immunomodulatory peptide that works primarily by modulating the immune system by inhibiting viral replication, stimulating stem cells and helping to generate new immune cells.[11][12]
The immune response of Thymosin Alpha-1 is due to the improvement of immune cell function and the activity of T cells maturing into CD4+/CD8+ T cells. It works by directly activating natural killer cells and their CD8+ T cells, which kill virus-infected cells. Immune system function is important for preventing disease and infection, especially during a viral pandemic, such as COVID-19.
What are the benefits of Thymosin Alpha-1?
As an immunomodulatory peptide, the benefits of Thymosin Alpha-1 are mainly to enhance immunity. Here are some of its potential benefits:
Thymosin Alpha-1 for Antibacterial and Antifungal: TA1 possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it effective against a wide range of microbial threats. This ability helps prevent and combat infections caused by these microorganisms.
Thymosin Alpha-1 for Vaccine Effectiveness: TA1 improves the effectiveness of vaccines by enhancing the body’s response to immunization. This leads to a stronger immune reaction against pathogens targeted by vaccines.[15][16]
Thymosin Alpha-1 Tumor Growth : TA1 contributes to the suppression of tumor growth. By inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, it shows potential as an agent in cancer treatment and prevention.
Thymosin Alpha-1 for Unhealthy Cells: TA1 aids in the eradication of unhealthy cells, whether they are infected by pathogens or cancerous. This action prevents the spread of infections or the advancement of cancer.[5][6]
Thymosin Alpha-1 for Immune System : TA1 strengthens the immune system by enhancing the function of key immune cells. This boost leads to a more robust defense against various threats, including infections.
In essence, Thymosin Alpha-1 offers a multi-faceted approach to health benefits. It defends against infections through its antimicrobial properties, optimizes vaccine responses, inhibits tumor growth, eradicates unhealthy cells, and fortifies the immune system, collectively contributing to enhanced overall health and wellness.
Side effects of Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha 1 is a naturally occurring peptide that has been shown to boost the immune system and reduce inflammation. It has been used in clinical settings to treat diseases such as hepatitis B and C, HIV and certain cancers. While Thymosin Alpha 1 is effective in improving immune function, it can also produce side effects including headaches, nausea and fatigue. It is very important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor before using this peptide.[7][8]
In addition, there is a potential problem with Thymosin Alpha-1, which may be uncomfortable or even painful at the injection site.
The storage of Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin alpha 1 should be stored at -20 °C. Lyophilized thymosin α 1 is stable at room temperature for up to three weeks; however, for long-term storage, it should be kept below -180°C and stored in a dry form. When ready to use, it can be reconstituted and stored at 40°C for 2 to 7 days. If long-term storage of Thymosin α1 is intended, it is recommended to store it in combination with a carrier protein such as 0.1% human serum albumin or bovine serum albumin. It is recommended to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.[9][10]
Manufacturers/Factory
Thymosin Alpha-1 offers notable benefits for regulating immune function. It has been studied extensively for the treatment of a variety of diseases including cystic fibrosis, infections such as tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus, respiratory diseases, chronic hepatitis and cancer. If you are interested in buying Thymosin Alpha-1raw powder/lyophilized pwder, you come to the right place. peptide.ltd is a peptide manufacturer/factory. As the best Thymosin Alpha-1 peptide Factory, peptide.ltd is not only supply the Thymosin Alpha-1 raw powder but also finished vials.
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FAQ
How does thymosin alpha 1 make you feel?
Thymosin Alpha 1 can help you increase your overall wellness, energy, appearance, and disease resistance.
Who is the best candidate for Thymosin Alpha-1?
Although Thymosin Alpha-1 is a natural peptide produced by the human thymus gland, the levels of this peptide vary from person to person. Research shows that most people naturally produce less of this peptide as they age. And people with immune disorders have lower than normal levels of Thymosin Alpha-1. This means that the elderly and those with chronic diseases may benefit more from Thmosin Alpha-1.
How to use Thymosin Alpha-1?
Today, Thymosin Alpha-1 is an FDA-approved drug that you can get by prescription from your healthcare provider or primary care physician. This medication is available as an injection and a nasal spray.
peptide.ltd supply lyopilized powder of Thymosin Alpha-1, which can add sterile water to dissolve to make homemade injections and nasal sprays.
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Referenced Citations
[1]Goldstein AL, Asanuma Y, White A. The thymus as an endocrine gland: properties of thymosin, a new thymus hormone. Recent Prog Horm Res. (1970) 26:505–38. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-571126-5.50016-9
[2]Goldstein AL. The Gordon Wilson lecture. The history of the development of thymosin: chemistry, biology and clinical applications. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. (1977) 88:79–94.
[3]Asanuma Y, Goldstein AL, White A. Reduction in the incidence of wasting disease in neonatally thymectomized CBA-W mice by the injection of thymosin. Endocrinology. (1970) 86:600–10. doi: 10.1210/endo-86-3-600
[4]Baskies AM, Ommaya AK, Chretien PB. Thymosin alpha1: First clinical trial and comparison with thymosin fraction 5. In: Serrou B, Rosenfeld C, Daniels JC, Saunders JP, editors. Current Concepts in Human Immunology and Cancer Immunomodulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press (1982). p. 567–74.
[5]Smalley RV, Talmadge J, Oldham RK, Thurman GB. The thymosins–preclinical and clinical studies with fraction V and alpha-I. Cancer Treat Rev. (1984) 11:69–84. doi: 10.1016/0305-7372(84)90017-3
[6]Umeda Y, Sakamoto A, Nakamura J, Ishitsuka H, Yagi Y. Thymosin alpha 1 restores NK-cell activity and prevents tumor progression in mice immunosuppressed by cytostatics or X-rays. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (1983) 15:78–83. doi: 10.1007/BF00199694
[7]Ishitsuka H, Umeda Y, Sakamoto A, Yagi Y. Protective activity of thymosin alpha 1 against tumor progression in immunosuppressed mice. Adv Exp Med Biol. (1983) 166:89–100. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1410-4_9
[8]Favalli C, Jezzi T, Mastino A, Rinaldi-Garaci C, Riccardi C, Garaci E. Modulation of natural killer activity by thymosin alpha 1 and interferon. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (1985) 20:189–92. doi: 10.1007/BF00205574
[9]Pica F, Mastino A, Grelli S, Jezzi T, Favalli C. Combined treatment with thymosin alpha 1 and interferon enhances NK activity in immunosuppressed tumor bearing mice. J Chemother. (1989) 1(4 Suppl.):1167–9.
[10]Li W, Song L, Wu S, Xue X, Zhang L, He L, et al. Expression, purification and characterization of a novel soluble human thymosin alpha1 concatemer exhibited a stronger stimulation on mice lymphocytes proliferation and higher anti-tumor activity. Int J Biol Sci. (2011) 7:618–28. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.7.618
[11]Wang F, Yu T, Zheng H, Lao X. Thymosin alpha1-Fc modulates the immune system and down-regulates the progression of melanoma and breast cancer with a prolonged half-life. Sci Rep. (2018) 8:12351. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30956-y
[12]Mutchnick MG, Schaffner JA, Prieto JA, Weller FE, Goldstein AL. Increased thymic hormone responsive suppressor T lymphocyte function in chronic active hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. (1983) 28:328–34. doi: 10.1007/BF01324949
[13] Lau GK, Nanji A, Hou J, Fong DY, Au WS, Yuen ST, et al. Thymosin-alpha1 and famciclovir combination therapy activates T-cell response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in immune-tolerant phase. J Viral Hepat. (2002) 9:280–7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2002.00361.x
[14] Baek YH, Lee SW, Yoo HS, Yoon HA, Kim JW, Kim YH, et al. Thymosin alpha-1 in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis c patients who have failed to prior pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment. Gut Liver. (2007) 1:87–9. doi: 10.5009/gnl.2007.1.1.87
[15] Baek YH, Lee SW, Yoo HS, Yoon HA, Kim JW, Kim YH, et al. Thymosin alpha-1 in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis c patients who have failed to prior pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment. Gut Liver. (2007) 1:87–9. doi: 10.5009/gnl.2007.1.1.87
[16] Asimina Dominari Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature World J Virol. 2020 Dec 15; 9(5): 67–78.
Published online 2020 Dec 15. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v9.i5.67
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king’s college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.
Scientific Journal paper Author:
Corresponding author at: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
Corresponding author at: Eleftherios Mylonakis 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Corresponding author at: Department of Surgery A, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Weizman 6, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
Corresponding authors at: State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China (P. Luo); Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China (S. Huang).
In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. peptide.ltd has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this peptide.
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king's college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.
Scientific Journal paper Author:
Stephen C. Bain
Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. Polypeptide.ltd has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this peptide.
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