FOXO4-DRI powder

Structure of FOXO4-DRI

What Is FOXO4-DRI?

FOXO4-DRI is a synthetic peptide designed to block the interaction between two proteins, forkhead box O 4 (FOXO4) and p53. This interaction is involved in maintaining the viability of senescent (aged) cells. By preventing FOXO4 from targeting p53 to the nucleus, FOXO4-DRI allows p53 to induce apoptosis (cell death) in these senescent cells. [1][5][7][9]

FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso is a modified version of the standard FOXO4 protein. This modification extends the half-life of the protein and enables it to interfere with the normal function of FOXO4. FOXO4-DRI has been shown in research to disrupt the normal binding of FOXO4 to p53, leading to the elimination of senescent cells. This can result in improved organ function and a reduction in the “biological age” of the tissue.[3][4][12][13]

Furthermore, FOXO4-DRI affects various cellular processes, including insulin signaling, cell cycle regulation, and oxidative stress signaling pathways. It is a cell-penetrating peptide, meaning it can enter cells and exert its effects from within. In animal studies, FOXO4-DRI has demonstrated the ability to selectively induce apoptosis in senescent cells, potentially reversing some effects of aging.[4][5][7][9]

What is FOXO4-DRI of structure and function?

FOXO4 is a member of the forkhead family transcription factors O subclass, which is characterized by a winged helix domain used for DNA binding. There are 4 members of the FOXO family, including FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO6. Their activity is modified by many post translational activities, such as phosphorylation,[6][8][10][11] ubiquitination, and acetylation Depending on this modified state, FOXO4 binding affinity for DNA is altered, allowing for FOXO4 to regulate many cellular pathways including oxidative stress signaling, longevity, insulin signaling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Two of the main upstream regulators of FOXO4 activity are phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) and serine/threonine kinase AKT/PKB. Both PI3K and AKT modify FOXO4 and prevent it from translocating to the nucleus, effectively preventing the transcription of the downstream FOXO targets.

How does FOXO4-DRI work?

FOXO4-DRI is a peptide that is believed to have the potential to target and eliminate senescent cells selectively. Senescent cells are cells that have entered a state of irreversible growth arrest and are associated with aging and age-related diseases. FOXO4-DRI’s mechanism of action is designed to specifically target these senescent cells while sparing healthy cells, primarily through the use of D-amino acids instead of L-amino acids.[11][12][13]

Here’s how FOXO4-DRI is thought to work:

Selective Penetration of Senescent Cells

FOXO4-DRI is designed with specific sequences of D-amino acids, which makes it more resistant to enzymatic degradation and protein metabolism. This peptide is believed to have an enhanced ability to penetrate senescent cells compared to normal, healthy cells.

Disruption of FOXO4-p53 Interaction

Within senescent cells, there is an interaction between FOXO4 and p53, two important proteins involved in regulating cell growth and senescence. FOXO4-DRI is thought to prevent the binding and interaction between FOXO4 and p53. This disruption may interfere with the maintenance of senescent cell viability.[6][9][11][13]

Senescence Induction and High Glucose Environment

The passage in your text about senescence induction in a high glucose environment is likely unrelated to FOXO4-DRI but is important background information. Senescence can indeed be induced by various factors, including oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. In a high glucose environment, it is suggested that there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and subsequent acetylation of FOXO1 and p53. These molecular changes can contribute to the upregulation of p21, a protein associated with cell cycle arrest and senescence.

In summary, FOXO4-DRI is designed to selectively target senescent cells by using D-amino acids, resist degradation, and disrupt the interaction between FOXO4 and p53. Its goal is to eliminate these senescent cells, which are thought to contribute to aging and age-related diseases, while leaving healthy cells unharmed. However, it’s important to note that the development and efficacy of FOXO4-DRI may still be a subject of ongoing research and clinical investigation.[9][10][12][14]

What are the benefits of FOXO4-DRI?

Forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) is a transcription factor and a member of the FOXO family of proteins. FOXO proteins are known for their role in regulating various cellular processes through transcriptional activity, and FOXO4, in particular, plays several important functions in the cell. Some of its key functions include:

Regulation of Gene Expression

FOXO4 regulates the transcription (gene expression) of numerous target genes. These target genes are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle control, apoptosis (programmed cell death), oxidative stress response, and DNA repair. By controlling the expression of these genes, FOXO4 helps maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to environmental stresses.

Cell Cycle Regulation

FOXO4 can influence the cell cycle by regulating the expression of genes that control cell division. It can induce cell cycle arrest, which is a temporary halt in the cell cycle, allowing the cell to repair DNA damage or respond to other cellular signals before proceeding with cell division.[8][9][10][13]

Apoptosis

FOXO4 is involved in apoptosis, a programmed cell death process. It can activate the expression of genes that promote apoptosis, allowing cells to undergo controlled cell death when necessary. This is important for removing damaged or potentially harmful cells from the body.

Metabolism

FOXO4 plays a role in metabolic regulation by influencing the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling. It can help maintain glucose homeostasis and respond to changes in nutrient availability.

Oxidative Stress Response

FOXO4 is part of the cellular response to oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cell’s ability to detoxify them. FOXO4 can activate genes that enhance the cell’s antioxidant defenses to counteract oxidative damage.[1][5][7][9]

Cellular Homeostasis

Overall, FOXO4 contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by orchestrating the expression of genes involved in various cellular processes. It helps the cell adapt to changing conditions and respond to stressors to ensure its survival and function.

It’s important to note that the functions of FOXO4 can vary depending on the cellular context and the specific genes it regulates. FOXO4 is part of a complex regulatory network that interacts with other proteins and signaling pathways to fine-tune cellular responses to different stimuli and maintain overall cellular health.[11][14][15]

Can FOXO4-DRI treats low testosterone?

There is a hypothesis that FOXO4-DRI may have therapeutic potential in treating male late-onset hypogonadism. Hypogonadism refers to a condition in which the body produces insufficient amounts of testosterone,[1][5][7][9] which can lead to a variety of symptoms including reduced libido, fatigue, muscle loss, and mood changes.

Here’s how FOXO4-DRI is thought to be related to the treatment of male late-onset hypogonadism based on the information you provided:

FOXO4 and Testosterone Synthesis. FOXO4 is expressed in human Leydig cells, which are responsible for testosterone synthesis in the testes. The translocation of FOXO4 to the nucleus in elderly individuals is associated with decreased testosterone synthesis. This suggests that FOXO4 may play a role in regulating testosterone production.

FOXO4 in Senescent Leydig Cells. In vitro experiments using senescent Leydig cells showed that FOXO4 helps maintain the viability of these cells and suppresses their apoptosis (cell death).[3][6][8][12] Senescent Leydig cells may contribute to reduced testosterone production in aging males.

FOXO4-DRI’s Mechanism. FOXO4-DRI, a specific FOXO4 blocker, disrupts the interaction between FOXO4 and p53. This disruption selectively induces p53 nuclear exclusion and apoptosis in senescent Leydig cells. This suggests that FOXO4-DRI may help eliminate these senescent cells.

Therapeutic Potential. In naturally aged mice, FOXO4-DRI was reported to improve the testicular microenvironment and alleviate age-related testosterone secretion insufficiency. This implies that FOXO4-DRI may have therapeutic potential for addressing the hormonal imbalances associated with male late-onset hypogonadism.

It’s important to note that these findings are based on research conducted in animals and in vitro models, and the translation of such research to effective treatments in humans can be complex and challenging. Additionally, the efficacy and safety of FOXO4-DRI for treating male late-onset hypogonadism would need to be rigorously tested in clinical trials before it could be considered a viable treatment option.

Could FOXO4-DRI be used for hair loss?

It’s suggested that FOXO4-DRI had a positive impact on fur density in mice, specifically in XpdTTD/TTD mice that experience accelerated hair loss as part of their aging phenotype. While these findings are intriguing, it’s important to approach the potential use of FOXO4-DRI for hair loss in humans with caution and consider the following points:

Mice vs. Humans. Mice and humans have different physiology and genetic makeup. What works in mice may not necessarily have the same effect in humans. [1][7][9]Hair loss in humans is a complex and multifactorial condition, often influenced by genetics, hormones, aging, and various other factors.

Specific Mouse Model. The improvement in fur density observed in FOXO4-DRI-treated XpdTTD/TTD mice might be specific to this particular mouse model and its unique characteristics. It’s uncertain whether similar effects would be observed in other models or in humans.

Safety and Efficacy. The safety and efficacy of FOXO4-DRI for promoting hair growth in humans have not been established through clinical trials. Before any substance can be considered a viable treatment for hair loss in humans,[11][13][15]it must undergo extensive testing to ensure its safety and effectiveness.

Regulatory Approval. Any treatment for hair loss intended for human use would need to go through regulatory approval processes in various countries, such as the FDA in the United States. This involves demonstrating safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials.

Dosing and Application. Even if FOXO4-DRI were found to have potential for hair growth in humans, determining the appropriate dosing, route of administration, and safety profile for topical or systemic use would be crucial.

In summary, while the observed effects of FOXO4-DRI on fur density in mice are interesting, it’s far from conclusive evidence that it could be a treatment for human hair loss. Hair loss is a complex issue with many contributing factors, and potential treatments need to be thoroughly researched and tested in humans before they can be considered safe and effective for this purpose.[2][3][4][6]

FOXO4-DRI side effects and safety

There is limited information available about the specific side effects of FOXO4-DRI, as it was still in the experimental and preclinical stages of development. It’s important to note that when evaluating potential side effects of any experimental or investigational drug or treatment, the information may change as further research is conducted.

If you are considering or participating in clinical trials involving FOXO4-DRI or any experimental treatment,[2][6][8][11] it is essential to work closely with healthcare professionals and researchers who can monitor your health, provide guidance, and document any side effects or adverse reactions. They can also inform you about the latest information regarding the safety profile of the treatment.

Storage FOXO4-DRI

FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso(DRI) should be stored in a freezer at or below -9C. After reconstitution, FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso(DRI) peptide should be kept refrigerated.

FOXO4-DRI For Sale | FOXO4-DRI supplier

FOXO4 is a protein that belongs to the Forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors. These proteins play important roles in regulating various cellular processes, including cell cycle control, DNA repair, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). FOXO4, in particular, is involved in the regulation of genes related to cell survival and cell death. Researchers interested in experimenting with FOXO4-DRI will want to ensure that they source this material from a reliable supplier. lf you’re looking to buying FOXO4-DRI online,[10][11][13][15]it is essential to exercise caution and ensure that you obtain the powder from a reputable and trustworthy manufacuturer. peptide.ltd is a highly reliable manufacturer that offers pharmaceutical grade powder.